Assessment of greywater reuse as a potential mitigation measure for water shortages and sanitation problems in senior high schools

The study assessed water shortages and its effects on sanitation in Senior High Schools using structured questionnaires involving water availability, water use pattern and perception of greywater reuse. Additionally, an observation of the sanitation situation was done to validate the responses. The study found that water availability was an issue as this caused students to use more than an hour round trip to access water resulting in poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Meanwhile, an average greywater generation rate of 14.5 L per person per day, is always disposed of despite its potential reuse. Greywater reuse was accepted by respondents as 59% proposed reusing it if available for non‐potable applications (94%) such as toilet cleaning and flushing. This is because, there is a significant association between cleanliness of the toilet facilities and usage (P < 0.05). Respondents who declined greywater reuse cited health risks (58%), uncomfortable feeling (37%) and cultural issue (5%).     

节水型城市评价标准研究

针对目前节水型城市评价标准的不足,运用理论分析法与频度统计法初选指标,结合驱动力—状态—响应概念模型和层次分析法构建指标体系框架,采用综合层次分析法与专家调研法,对指标进行了优选;并确定了指标权重,最后提出了节水型城市评价标准。     

工学结合的专业外语课程改革与实践

通过分析工科专业外语教学现状,提出了课程改革实施方案:课程标准的制定、以专业为驱动的教学内容改革、以需求为导向的新教材开发、"教-学-做"一体化的实践教学改革。     

中美建筑能效标准比较

该文概述了建筑能耗在全球最终能源消费中的现状,分析了全球建筑能效标准发展现状及目标,分别介绍了中美两国建筑能效标准发展的历程。通过对各国标准的研究,总结了建筑能效标准所涉及的主要内容。着重以美国建筑能效标准ASHRAE90.1—2010和中国公共建筑节能标准GB50189—2005为例,比较中美建筑能效标准的构架、内容及参数的差别。提出了国内建筑能效标准发展的几点建议。     

AHP-模糊综合评价法在标准实施效果评价中的应用

开展标准实施效果评价能够对标准的实施状况、标准的科学性有一个客观和科学的认识,对标准的制修订工作有重要的指导意义。本文以石油工业标准为研究对象,从标准实施状况、标准实施监督、标准经济效益和标准社会效益4个方面构建了评价体系,综合运用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价法对标准实施效果进行评价。评价结果表明,该方法可以实现定性分析和定量分析的有效结合,使评价结果更符合实际情况,为标准实施效果评价提供了一种新的思路。     

Agile enterprise architecture modelling: Evaluating the applicability and integration of six modelling standards

ContextAgile enterprise architecture artefacts are initially architected at the high-level and the details of those artefacts iteratively evolve in small project increments. There is a need to model agile enterprise architecture artefacts both at the high and low detailed level for a particular context. ArchiMate is relatively a new high-level architecture modelling standard. There is a growing interest amongst organisations in applying ArchiMate for high-level agile enterprise architecture modelling. However, organisations are unsure how to effectively apply ArchiMate at high-level and integrate it with their existing low detailed level modelling standards in practice for supporting end-to-end agile enterprise architecture modelling.ObjectiveThis paper evaluates the applicability and integration of high-level ArchiMate modelling standard with the existing low-level modelling standards such as BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), UML (Unified Modelling Language), FAML (FAME [Framework for Agent-Oriented Method Engineering] Language), SoaML (Service Oriented Architecture Modelling Language), and BMM (Business Motivation Model).MethodA qualitative questionnaire-based evaluation criteria has been developed based on the well-known and comprehensive The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF). The evaluation criteria has been applied to evaluate the applicability and integration of the selected six modelling standards from the business, application, infrastructure and extension perspectives.ResultsEach modelling standard is different in scope. A single modelling standard usually does not provide the kind of support required by the agile enterprise architecture modelling. Based on the review results, a hybrid enterprise architecture modelling approach is proposed. This paper demonstrates the application of the proposed hybrid approach with the help of an agile enterprise architecture modelling case study.ConclusionIt is concluded that the ArchiMate does not replace the existing low-level modelling standards, rather it can be used in conjunction with low-level modelling standards. This calls for the adoption of hybrid and integrated approach for agile enterprise architecture modelling.     

A compilation of patents related to mechanical metrology standards and high-precision measurement of mechanical quantities

The paper aims to provide a source of information regarding the measurement of physical quantities, specifically those related to mechanical metrology. Since there is a lack of literature reviews referencing patents as a way of gathering useful information, we performed a systematic search for patents that could solve practical problems in this field. The methodology used focused on one of the most comprehensive patent database, Orbit.com, covering about 70,000,000 documents. This text gives a quick look at the fundamentals of the measurement literature and then points out the state-of-the-art concerning patents in the area of study. Additionally, data analysis shows the trends in the last five decades of patents about the subject. In total, 5686 documents are found and we compiled 10 examples of relevant patents for the quantities Length, Temperature and Mass, making this article a source of information for both scientific and non-scientific metrology community.     

造价工程师胜任力对项目绩效影响的研究

基于造价工程师胜任力的视角,分析胜任力影响因素并构建评价体系和理论模型,结合问卷调查数据,运用结构方程分析造价工程师胜任力的关键影响因素及其对绩效的影响路径。研究表明,专业能力素质对绩效的影响最大,其次是综合管理素质,个人素质主要通过专业能力素质和综合管理素质两个中介变量对绩效产生间接影响。     

Measuring patent quality: A claim and search report approach

This paper presents a new prospective metric for assessing the novelty and inventiveness of patents. It does this by using initial patent search reports and examiner's intuition about the impact of adverse citations on patent claim survival. The paper then demonstrates the metric by evaluating the quality of Switzerland's national patent stock using a selection model, finding that between 84 and 90% of the country's national patents would likely not survive examination at the European Patent Office. In doing so, it contributes to the larger literature on patent assessment, underscores the relevance of patent strategy in the observed characteristics of patents, and removes some of the ambiguity in the academic literature about backward citations.     

Hierarchical correlated Q-learning for multi-layer optimal generation command dispatch

This paper presents a novel hierarchical correlated Q-learning (HCEQ) algorithm to solve the dynamic optimization of generation command dispatch (GCD) in the Automatic Generation Control (AGC). The GCD problem is to dynamically allocate the total AGC generation command from the central to each individual AGC generator. The proposed HCEQ is a novel multi-agent Q-learning algorithm based on the concept of correlated equilibrium point, and each AGC generator with an agent is to optimize its regulation participation factor and coordinate its decision with others for the overall GCD performance enhancement. In order to cope with the curse of dimensionality in the GCD problem with the increased number of AGC plants involved, a multi-layer optimum GCD framework is developed in this paper. In this hierarchical framework, the multiobjective design and a time-varying coordination factor have been formulated into the reward functions to improve the optimization efficiency and convergence of HCEQ. The application of the proposed approach has been fully verified on the China southern power grid (CSG) model to demonstrate its superior performance and dynamic optimization capability in various power system scenarios.